Online hate speech has increasingly been the focus of public debate. Since the “Unite the Right” rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, in August 2017 and the public outcry following the killing of one counter-protestor, major platforms, such as Facebook and Twitter have suspended a portion of accounts violating their updated terms of service. More systematic suspensions and deletions of accounts came after the 2019 attack at two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, where the terrorist killed 51 people and live-streamed the killings. Another push came after the violent riots on Capitol Hill in January 2021. These efforts to remove hateful content have been imperfect and they have raised concerns about freedom of expression. It has become evident that better mechanisms, improved algorithms, and more transparency needs to be put in place to deal with harmful content on social media. However, antisemitism is a core element of ideologies that are closely related to hate speech, such as white nationalism (Ward 2017) and jihadism (Rickenbacher 2021). Our research has focused on recognition of antisemitic speech and other forms of bigotry on social media. We have worked mainly with data from Twitter, but we are increasingly including data from other platforms. We have developed an annotation portal to label datasets of social media posts (tweets). Please feel free to test it out on our
Annotation Portal website.  

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